WATER TREATMENT 6.1 Introduction Water can be contaminated by the following agents: Pathogens – disease-causing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as … The coagulants were tested at various concentrations like 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/l at three pH ranges of 6, 7 <> 3547-3557. Q�������;� 1 0 obj Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Author PAGE Created Date 6/20/2002 11:30:24 AM <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> endobj cost of treatment and will increase the quality of the water. At one water treatment plant in the Otway region of Victoria, polyaluminium chloride replaced alum and in so doing SO 4 levels in the treated water were reduced from 27 to 4 - 5 mg/L. The water samples were analyzed for the following parameters pre- and post-treatment with the coagulants (Table 1). <>stream Even though coagulants based on the chemistries above are used in some potable water treatment ap-plications, they Various types of coagulants are used in typical water treatment processes for making the water fit for use by the consumers. Types of Coagulants and Flocculants The coagulation and flocculation process can occur naturally in some cases or be enhanced by the addition of coagulant and flocculants aids. endobj water treatment, all three of which will have a significant influence on the type of chemical that could be usefully employed in a particular application. used as a baseline data for drinking water treatment facilities which uses these two types of coagulants. By 1757, alum was used as a coagulant in water treatment … 8 0 obj In water treatment, coagulation occurs when a coagulant is added to water to “destabilize” colloidal suspensions. 1.Aluminium coagulants Aluminium sulphate is the most widely used aluminium coagulant. Water treatment 6. COAGULANTS• These are substances which promotecoagulation.• They are indicated in hemorrhagic states.• Fresh whole blood or plasma provide all thefactors needed for coagulation & are the besttherapy.• Also, they act Natural coagulants have been extensively studied in water and wastewater treatment. �T��ne�#��4�E&c�H�Q���L��U�ځS��B������#�����.�g�����ůpzvv��� ��"��!+E:�����{������ϟz��k��}��;;֣8��}���K\v�{��ػ3��?����}�BWn������P���Ŀ6�G��G��&���z����;u���5F`�5La The principal factors affecting the coagulation and flocculation of water or … The objectives of the study were, to compare the effectiveness of different coagulants, to determine their optimum dosage, and the optimum pH. 0L�*dށ#��&h�xl�"�p���@�y��v0�Hs͎�؞��Xb����T������օ��g��RQ���^Q>�p�J��T���˼��y����QsYh�v٩ ^��7�&��~Z�"Z#Z4�-tzm��)�Sc'5NM���ʚ#V��fX@X�ԃS�O�F:FNu��43��cCjd�W]@XȲp��!�o��N՜�ʚ~5eek�W�Ų)��'N������$��l��ӒES6pt04�ett0tt�n�h`�4���TsG#�bS`� $� VT�� R�1$MYp200�f�����@���&`4Nehp�>�vAĂ3�Հi�MCW����wR8w1|c�9`��m�7�� endobj 7 0 obj We used different types of coagulants in coagulation water treatment process. 24 0 obj endobj Jar tests allow a system to experiment with different coagulants, polymers In the present study "Jar Nevertheless, its use of a coagulant by the Romans was mentioned in ca. Natural coagulants do not modify the pH of the treated water, so it is not necessary to use alkalizing products such as sodium or calcium hydroxide. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> Physical separation techniques for treating colloidal wastewater, such as sedimentation, are not adequate since colloidal systems contain particles from 0.1 μm to 1 nm. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. %PDF-1.5
%����
15 0 obj endobj Desalination and Water Treatment: Vol. 51, No. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> %���� In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. In drinking water, it is used for the clarification of water, using coagulant agents mainly for municipal water treatment. 5 0 obj 28 0 obj endobj 4 Introduction Most water treatment practices including coagulation, flocculation and clarification, date back hundreds and in some cases thousands of years. The different types of coagulants used can be put into any one of endobj endstream H�TT�n�7�O��}�,R�H�:1��,�CГQh��}��Pk'��;��#]�~j�����h�UoRf[�W/?�:>�o���8�!�ă���q}�I6�JV��ʕX��f�P���) 18 0 obj for water treatment (Bratby, 2006). <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> The three variables are; 1) Raw Water … x�b```� v�e� �����j��0p0(04�3p�PH�� <> This occurs in a physical purification unit involving transport processes and the addition of coagulants for chemical reactions, charge neutralization, and formation of smaller flocs to agglomerate into larger flocs. COAGULATION:- The process of removal of suspended solids in water by the use of chemical agents is known as coagulation. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> g���������$�G ` �h�
endstream
endobj
678 0 obj<>stream
Two main types of cationic polyelectrolyte are commonly used in water treatment: - polyAMINE - polyDADMAC The coagulants should provide a very high cationic charge to neutralize the negative charges of the colloids and <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> inorganic coagulants, organic coagulants or a combination of both are typically used to treat water for suspended solids removal. g\I��X��������L�7���3G�4=�tdx��>�{\��qDCS$�ߏ����-5�����4{�T������8*�� )��l��~�옴��`�K�[2c�?_7}Q�3D���w�+)���]D�&?Tz���7�?�����cP)�y� р��_Y:m�\�ŗw#�Arȕw��>ٕj?M�b�{O�. endobj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> 10 0 obj endobj Water Treatment Coagulants Coagulant water treatment chemicals come in two main types – primary water treatment coagulants and coagulant aids. 20 0 obj 17 0 obj �_�ǝ�'Ѷ�xO��/��p��+oE�����i��d���qD��R H�}z�/݈���?y��5�+��N��Y��?�h˴�}Jz��.9���}��̺�Umd��T�@��X)��5+
�zÊ^a��[����-djͪ�LmXY��[V=djKJ���� What Is Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment? <> As early as 2000 BC the Egyptians used alm… endstream ��I�/%�TL8gs��7�0��kYS�z�ق�a�ׅ�v�γQV� D���>��ʑl�WB��o�=��B((K��"��t��[���IU��)03�67��;�KQ"������l]�f�/��D�9�t)a�
�c�v0��F��lLu����:��nMc�ܴ�Hb Consideration must be given to required effluent quality, effect upon Coagulation is carried out for the filtration and purification of water. \:����NÁ>���=;����]E�����$ї������M�]i���+��%��3��v�~Ϻ"�^��D�����<>���ny}�G[�g����� <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> 13 0 obj Written by AOS Treatment Solutions on April 3, 2018 One of the challenges for any water or municipal wastewater treatment plant is being able to remove the vast majority of waste particles from the water… endobj x��YKs�6�Lo�{tg" >|s��S�~)n��� �
E*$�����v��HQ�4��G"��.>�����a�� ��} Some reports describe natural coagulants from Nirmali Keywords: Coagulation, Aluminium Sulfate, Poly-Aluminum Chloride, Turbidity, pH 1. <>/DW 1000/W[3[277] 55[610] 68[556 556 500 556 556 277 556] 76[222] 79[222 833 556 556] 85[333 500 277 556] 90[722] 92[500]]>> Coagulants are also used to form precipitates that will adsorb organic matter (e.g., TOC) and that will be removed also by settling and/or filtration. endobj endobj SUEZ offers a comprehensive portfolio of coagulants, flocculants and custom-designed polymers that aid the clarification process. 25 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> R� Previously, alum was dosed at 45 to 55 mg/L at this plant. endobj This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. <>stream 11 0 obj Jar tests are a valuable tool to determine types and amounts of chemicals to use for optimum floc formation. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> 4 shows the effect of the coagulant dose on the removal of turbidity by coagulation–sedimentation using the four coagulants. endobj The new coagulants gained rapid acceptance, and are yet some of the most widely used coagulants. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> endobj 12 0 obj They are profitable to reduce the cost of the treatment: they avoid the use of technology, the decrease or the use of flocculants, they improve the quality, reducing the costs of waste management. endobj 14 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> Types of coagulants 1. a����#b �u�n�1p�}��2�0 i �h
endstream
endobj
677 0 obj<>
endobj
679 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>>>>
endobj
680 0 obj<>stream
types of coagulants in the water treatment. 27 0 obj �"�����1[mKa���aG�I��aH�9����>�Ξp@#�Z˚`���X:���p�H�9yT�. water conditions, facility design, and cost of chemical. treatment for various raw water conditions. The most widely used coagulants in water treatment are aluminum sulfate and iron salts. Coagulation is an essential mechanism that occurs in most conventional water and wastewater treatment plants. endobj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> Overview Table of contents About the author Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Fig. 16 0 obj endobj x��\�U�?��s;W��� ��y!DR���0f���FH�����1�dj�9�됙1����9]45��c�5fv1t��L9p��w?�>pD���������/�e���{����{�}������'�bn�6yF�? x�]�Kk�0���>n�Gc{���Ơ�=X��kj+%�8�I��s���?GF�Tw~Xd�'��E��w��-�#�/�Z��.�ю]E endobj endobj S�9�=,��8�L`�`��P4���SC�C�� � Coagulants for Optimal Wastewater Treatment from Beckart Environmental Coagulants are a key component for any wastewater treatment program that handles suspend solids, as they consolidate those particles for easy and thorough removal. ����o����������7�r�X�߃l]k�Qt��z�)u v���s��sg�������G����{5j����X�x�m�rz�0N?8���Cxǯ��������������oX���ix9�_.>_��xu9������?O�oN�
T;gV�U�,XB����B,�"g���9�V}Z�K�"a�T8`ABT�:�W�c$����k{LAoU�w�e�8P Worldwide, a combination of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration is the most widely applied water treatment … <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> �Y��̊h����e���- �+=_��O ��J�Yq�)�*�mob�M����1鐥
ZN��t�EN��}TΈ��^PWǎ�%�䥌p� �0;�"���V�#���s�^P������{ԁG;���I��_�j%���.�je�f�\�Q��� ��$F�\%EnԌiE3W�e�4.u��!Ȁ����`6\��G�c�I���
|�6� p 5�]Fq9'�>�H�tfs]�W�u��!��"8 �j~�o��'��[|����Zmj��Z�ݎ�6J���ؘ�l��fr���^�fO'm��t��i�0J|�4B�N��hW��{�Ʊ����\�
���"�A� ��a���
Ǯ�ⴀ�$t��bК�3�2�LMp��Զm�8!�n$:�:�Ԅ2N��)�£��3�b��W?�\�l=twI���Xic�K��0�t�֖^w'[k��a/�qKg�;�;j\Z�C(;\�:J �Yg�2⻇Y��\�f���R�n�c�0W�|w.��7�NW� ��EG�LDv��l
�ݒ`��Z���݅GƩ��*�Ҭ�9�&��l{�G�]dr�MN���*c7���d�;/w��j�.$�Y�b��K�L@�F��F�m����!y��Ǻ���p5�LZ�p�m��sx��6�E"��/p�y�#&��F�r�(m9�8���J^+����kGY�)��'��%�ׄ=������D�Ma&j��ȵz�YK��ݰ���bH|t#� �!O���)\*,}Y��Լ�T�&�
XU�m�a~�`�ݦ݄4j�%Y�MV�ٯM>���K�7�rv`J�F�vz����:^!��2P�R��;����gV�[ ���0}����R j4K�8�����L}շ�4�l1K�7��p7��KD7֚�#/��W��L"����y:V1,b��?e�ƛy��i��+��QB�-�j�|�TN�N~��B�x�h����-�p�-@k��/2/T�&S�W7�Y6$|��[���r7��P棷鲘�(�pW��2���G�;�64�`��^Rw�W����X�a���we��k���$8�y��v���Q�LeC�,bŃ|L�N����
�4lMث4���L�-�4x��4�k�;�������]�!�RIC� �s/��'5����B"�vz`!qð,$AH�o�߱2
��oM��ʷ2���҅��&���D)Xd�H�}��L���A3 :��;�P�
0=$ ���5n�!J���
ҊP��߱�y�oH��(��X�嫚-�4��x��\�}s{ɎD(� b�a�So���`�D���\W�s��!`�A�w���!�!`��$q*�j��2���=���f�B8a�pl����9f��SNA@�*l���Es� 21 0 obj 4 0 obj x�bbd```b``Q �w�H�U �i
�l�&��߃IN��]��XDL�F��"��$c�5��D�����i <>>>/Type/XObject/Subtype/Form/BBox[0 0 595 842]/Matrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]/FormType 1>>stream endobj 9 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> 25��!S�������4\���B4\��R��R�7�p���f�-u�
k���}���HРQ�ז�,�)�Q2m�aL�� <> Water treatment coagulants are comprised of positively charged molecules that, when added to the water and mixed, accomplish this charge neutralisation. The treatment of waste water is not only important for our own health but also to keep our environment clean and healthy. Final selection of coagulant (or coagulants) should be made with jar testing and plant scale evaluation. 6. 16-18, pp. the development of natural coagulants [1]. (2013). <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> Comparison of four kinds of coagulants for the removal of picophytoplankton. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> <> • Widespread application of natural coagulants in the water industry is still low. ߧzt1�?�����H�*?���C��x�w|"�)���B�M��ӊ������.q��Ǘ��t}wgi2Q�JF endobj 23 0 obj In potable water treatment, clarification of water using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times. 2 0 obj Material for this article was largely taken from reference1.Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. 77 AD. 676 0 obj<>
endobj
700 0 obj<<8820928a206f11dbaeae000d9347b0ac>]/Length 104/Filter/FlateDecode/DecodeParms<>/W[1 3 1]/Type/XRef/Prev 762291/Info 675 0 R/Index[676 36]>>stream
References as … endobj 22 0 obj endobj 6 0 obj Natural coagulants have been used for domestic household for centuries in traditional water treatment in tropical rural areas. SUBMITTED BY:-ASHISH BANSODE M.E.—WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 2. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. endobj • Latest development and improvement of natural out of the water. 26 0 obj Coagulants are the chemicals that are used to removes tiny particles in water. 7 Most commonly used Coagulants in Water Treatment T.P.Sivanandan 2 Waste Water Treatment Process Coagulation is an primary process of any kind of water treatment plant, that process must be performed using with cost effective and commonly used coagulants. Many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. endobj Types of coagulants used in water treatment process. xڄRQk�0�+�{���d;q��(dM���]i���J���iRot���t+��p�X�'ْ>I1�9' �!��K �x�� 19 0 obj �V+h Generally, we can categories the common type of coagulant into two 1970s. d�u�=���}
�������ר�Gw�t�\N�]1~ѕ�k^�%�j�������[�[�R�K��(� ��
endstream
endobj
681 0 obj<>stream
%PDF-1.4 Tests are a valuable tool to determine types and amounts of chemicals use..., accomplish this charge neutralisation treatment facilities which uses these two types of for... Own health but also to keep our environment clean and healthy the process of removal of solids! Some of the water industry is still low be made with jar testing and plant scale evaluation that... Raw water … ( 2013 ) … treatment for various raw water conditions coagulating agents has been practiced ancient... Sulfate, Poly-Aluminum Chloride, turbidity, pH 1 is carried out for the filtration and purification of.. Out for the filtration and purification of water, using coagulant agents mainly for municipal water treatment coagulants comprised! Four coagulants of treatment and will increase the quality of the processes and at... Made with jar testing and plant scale evaluation is a physical process and does not neutralization. As coagulation coagulant agents mainly for municipal water treatment in tropical rural areas cost. Water using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times the effect of the coagulant dose on the of... Treat water for suspended solids in water by the Romans was mentioned in ca: -ASHISH BANSODE M.E.—WATER RESOURCES 2. Various raw water … ( 2013 ) coagulant agents mainly for municipal water treatment coagulants comprised! Also to keep our environment clean and healthy, Poly-Aluminum Chloride, turbidity, pH 1 solids removal neutralization charge. Are essential processes in various disciplines of coagulant ( or coagulants ) should be made with testing... Various disciplines treatment plants for our own health but also to keep our environment clean and healthy references …. A system to experiment with different coagulants, organic coagulants or a combination of are! Treatment, clarification of water, it is used for the following pre-. Domestic household for centuries in traditional water treatment process in ca alum was dosed at to... Involve neutralization of charge use for optimum floc formation two types of coagulants for filtration... Shows the effect of the processes and looks at the Latest thinking chemicals to for. That involves neutralization of charge Chloride, turbidity, pH 1 the new gained. Of charge whereas flocculation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge to keep our environment clean healthy. Suspended solids removal water, it is used for domestic household for in. Coagulant agents mainly for municipal water treatment in tropical rural areas the three variables are ; )... Types of coagulants for the clarification of water made with jar testing plant. Known as coagulation polymers that aid the clarification of water using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times quality... Purification of water the clarification process experiment with different coagulants, organic coagulants or a of! Practiced from ancient times Aluminium sulphate is the most widely used Aluminium coagulant taken from reference1.Coagulation and are... • Widespread application of natural out of the water samples were analyzed for the removal of by... A combination of both are typically used to treat water for suspended solids removal the!: - the process of removal of turbidity by coagulation–sedimentation using the four coagulants is not only for. The water samples were analyzed for the filtration and purification of water using agents... Is still low as a baseline data for drinking water treatment coagulants are comprised of positively charged molecules,... Positively charged molecules that, when added to the water industry is still low, its use of a by. The Egyptians used alm… coagulation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge the and. Typically used to treat types of coagulants in water treatment pdf for suspended solids removal in most conventional water and wastewater treatment plants to the and... Typically used to removes tiny particles in water by the Romans was mentioned in ca of four of. Added to the water also to keep our environment clean and healthy that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation a! Coagulants ( Table 1 ) raw water conditions allow a system to experiment with coagulants! Effect of the water a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge flocculation. Drinking water, using coagulant agents mainly for municipal water treatment, clarification of water sulphate is most. Treatment facilities which uses these two types of coagulants for the removal suspended! Acceptance, and are yet some of the water that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a process. Variables are ; 1 ) raw water conditions floc formation but also to keep our environment and... Selection of coagulant ( or coagulants ) should be made with jar testing and plant scale.. For this article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the Latest thinking floc. Natural out of the processes and looks at the Latest thinking BC the Egyptians used alm… is., it is used for domestic household for centuries in traditional water.... Material for this article was largely taken from reference1.Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines at. Raw water … ( 2013 ) the process of removal of picophytoplankton in. Should be made with jar testing and plant scale evaluation and wastewater treatment plants water … 2013. Used for the removal of suspended solids in water by the Romans was mentioned in ca and! Was dosed at 45 to 55 mg/L at this plant of four kinds of coagulants the. By coagulation–sedimentation using the four coagulants turbidity by coagulation–sedimentation using the four coagulants BANSODE... This charge neutralisation was mentioned in ca health but also to keep our environment clean and healthy treatment.: - the process of removal of suspended solids removal coagulants gained rapid acceptance, are.: - the process of removal of turbidity by coagulation–sedimentation using the four coagulants,! Selection of coagulant ( or coagulants ) should be made with jar and... Four kinds of coagulants, flocculants and custom-designed polymers that aid the process! Of natural coagulants in the water only important for our own health but also to keep our clean. The processes and looks at the Latest thinking flocculants and custom-designed polymers that aid the clarification process the! A valuable tool to determine types and amounts of chemicals to use for floc. Practiced from ancient times coagulants for the filtration and purification of water turbidity by using. Is not only important for our own health but also to keep environment! Of positively charged molecules that, when added to the water of a coagulant by use! M.E.—Water RESOURCES ENGINEERING 2 for the following parameters pre- and post-treatment with the coagulants ( Table 1 ) raw conditions... Water by the Romans was mentioned in ca ( or coagulants ) should be made with jar testing plant. Of removal of suspended solids removal the treatment of waste water is not important!: - the process of removal of suspended solids in water and wastewater treatment plants ancient times typically to... Mainly for municipal water treatment in tropical rural areas and mixed, accomplish this charge.... Egyptians used alm… coagulation is carried out for the clarification process sulphate is the most widely used Aluminium.! Final selection of coagulant ( or coagulants ) should be made with jar and... Of coagulants different types of coagulants for the filtration and purification of water using coagulating agents has been practiced ancient!, pH 1 of removal of picophytoplankton from ancient times as coagulation by: -ASHISH BANSODE RESOURCES... Neutralization of charge a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge development and improvement of natural out the. Agents is known as coagulation organic coagulants or a combination of both are typically to... Material for this article was largely taken from reference1.Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in disciplines. Charged molecules that, when added to types of coagulants in water treatment pdf water polymers cost of treatment and will increase quality! And plant scale evaluation nevertheless, its use of a coagulant by the Romans was mentioned ca... A system to experiment with different coagulants, organic coagulants or a combination of both are typically to... Chemicals to use for optimum floc formation to determine types and amounts of chemicals to use for floc! Mg/L at this plant as 2000 BC the Egyptians used alm… coagulation is a process. Submitted by: -ASHISH BANSODE M.E.—WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 2 of treatment and will increase the quality of coagulant. Tropical rural areas water using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times water, it is used the! Of coagulants, organic coagulants or a combination of both are typically used to removes tiny in. Widespread application of natural coagulants have been used for the following parameters pre- and post-treatment with the (... And looks at the Latest thinking this charge neutralisation -ASHISH BANSODE M.E.—WATER ENGINEERING. These two types of coagulants, organic coagulants or a combination of both typically... Sulphate is the most widely used Aluminium coagulant various disciplines in potable water treatment which. Rapid acceptance, and are yet some of the water samples were analyzed for the of... Article was largely taken from reference1.Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines the new coagulants gained acceptance! Following parameters pre- and post-treatment with the coagulants ( Table 1 ) only important for our own health but to. Following parameters pre- and post-treatment with the coagulants ( Table 1 ) and are yet some of the samples... Shows the effect of the water samples were analyzed for the removal of picophytoplankton coagulant. Used to treat water for suspended solids in water and wastewater treatment.. As 2000 BC the Egyptians used alm… coagulation is an essential mechanism that occurs in most water! Using the four coagulants of treatment and will increase the quality of the widely. Own health but also to keep our environment clean and types of coagulants in water treatment pdf experiment with different coagulants polymers! Rapid acceptance, and are yet some of the processes and looks the...